初中英语提建议的作文句型【推荐20篇】

1.一般否定句

句型1［主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他］

1.Chinaoftodayisnotwhatitwasthirtyyearsago.

2."IsntthatTeddyThomsonout?"-"Ithinkitshim,butIcantbeahundredpercentsure."

3."Oh,sir,hecanthavesaidsuchathing!Hecanthavespokenlikethattoyou,sir!"

4.WemustnotwaitforfavorsfromNature;wemusttakethemfromher.

5.Ihaventfinishedthebookyet.6.Moneycouldnotbuyhappiness.

[注1]Heisnofool.Greatbarkersarenobiters.

[注2]二十四个特殊定式动词：

句型2［主语+do(does,did)+not+行为动词+其他］

1.Sorrowdoesntbuybread.2.Puregolddoesnotdreadfire.

3."WhyisMr.Coopersoangrytoday?"-"Idontknowwhy."

4."Theydidnotstealsomuch."-"Idontcarehowmuch."Hesaid,"…Athiefisathief."

句型3［主语+行为动词+no/not+宾语+其他］

1.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

2.Viola,hearingthis,knewnothowtobehave,norhowtoanswerher.

3.Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,but,asforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!

4.Wearefleet-wingedmenatarms;wefearnotmountainshighorriversdeep.

句型4［Therebe+no/not/notany+主语(+状语)］

1.Therewasnowellinthevillageatthattime.

2.OliverTwistwasborninaworkhouse…Therewerenoaunts,nosisters,nocousins,nograndmothers.

3.Thereisnotamomenttobelost.4.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory

[附注]一般否定句的其他表达方式：

1.Whoknowsit?(=Nooneknowsit.)Darehedoit?(=Hedarenotdoit.)

2.Godonlyknows!(=Nooneknows.)AsifIwouldallowit!(=Iwouldcertainlynotallowit.)

3.Catchmedoingthat!

4.IfIdoIamavillain.(=Iwillnotdo.)Dothatagainifyoudare.

5.InHeaven,anangelisnobodyinparticular.Theyshunpersonalfameandgains.

6.Thecityandtheareasarounditareanice-freeportandanuclearweapon-freezone.Thebuildingisinastateofneglect.

7.Shestoodstill,tryingwinly(invain)toanswerthebatteryofquestionsraisedbythereporters.

8.Idisliketheideaverymuch.Mr.Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry.Yesterdayshefailedtogettoschoolontime.Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.Theyexcludedchildren(from)gettingin.Wellforeverliveuptowhatthepartyexpectsofus.Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.

9.Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyourenewtoyourwork.Heisignorantofconditionsatthelevels.OurPLAisworthyofbeingcalledagreatarmypfthepeople.

10.Themeetingsweremarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionsthatattimestheywerealmostonthepointofbreakingup.LeiFengsnobledeedsareaboveallpraise.Todothisisbeyondmyability.Heisoutoftheoffice.(=Heisnotintheoffice.)TomisawayfromCambridge.(=TomisnotatCambridge.)Itisfarfromperfect.Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination(or:Thatstrengthened,ratherthanweakened,ourdetermination.)Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.Iknowbetterthantoquarrel.

2.特指否定句

句型5［…not+非谓语成分…］

1.Notasoulwasanywherevisible.2.Youmustalwaysremembernottobecomeconceited.

3.Theteachertoldhispupilsnottomakesuchamistakeagain.

4.Iwenttoseehimoff,nottomeethim.5.Wefeltsorryfornotcomingontime

句型6［主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)］

1.Idontthinkitisrighttomakesuchhastydecision.2.Imnotfeelingverywelltoday.

3.Idontbelievethathewillcometomorrow.

4.Youcantjudgeathingonlybyitslooks.

5.HesstudyingEnglishnow,buthedoesntspeakEnglishverywellyet.

6.Peopledidnotshakeoffcolonialistsyokeinordertoputonhegemonistsyoke.

7.DontthinkillofmebecauseIuseherhelp.Shegivesitcheerfullyasyousee…

部分否定句

句型7［All,every等总括词…not+谓语动词…］

1.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.2.Allisnotlostthatisinperil.

3.Andyetalldidnotgosmoothlybetweenthem,fortheyoungerman…hadhisheartsetonNewYork.

4.Idontlikebothofthenovels.5.Everyonecannotmakemusic.

6.Everybody,itistrue,wouldntlikeit.7.Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.

8.Thegoodandthebeautifuldonotalwaysgotogether.

9.Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.10.Idontwhollyagree.

[注]Somepeoplelikethatsortofthing;Somedont.

全体否定句

句型8［no,none等否定词…+肯定式谓语+其他］

1.Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutit.

2.Notrickerycanfoolus.3.Noneofmyfriendssmoke.

4.Icouldrememberneitherthenameoftheauthornorthetitleofthebook.

5.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.

6.Thebookwasnowheretobefound.7.Neitherofthesistersishere.

8.Neverhavewebeendauntedbydifficulties.

句型9［主语+否定式谓语+不定代词或不定副词］

1.Idonotknowanyofthem.2.Ididnotreceiveanylettersyesterday.

3.Idontlikeeitherofthenovels.4.Justicemustnotbedeniedtoanyone.

5.Didyougoanywhereyesterday?-No,Ididntgoanywhereyesterday.

6.AnyhowIshallnotgotoday.

[注]不可说"anybodycannotdoit."只能说"nobodycandoit."

句型10［All等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词…］

1.Allgermsareinvisibletothenakedeye.2.Allhisplanscametonothing.

3.Bothvisitorsareunwelcome.4.Everyplanmadebyhimisimpossibleofexecution.

5.WealldisbelieveintheexistenceofGod.6.Theirquarrelsarealwaysinterminable.

一般祈使句

句型［（呼语），（Dont）动词原形+（宾语）+其他］

1.Study,studyandoncemorestudy.2.Workingmenofallcountries,unite!

3.LearnfromcomradeLeiFeng.4.Dontforgetit.5.Comehere.

6.Stopcryingandwipeawayyourtears.

句型［（Dont）Be+表语+（其他）］

1.Beredandexpert.2.Bebrave,dontbeafraid.3.Dontbeshy!

4.Becareful,whencrossthestreet.5.Beanhonestperson,speakandacthonestly.

3.Dontbeafraid,speakout.

句型［Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+（其他）］

1.Getorganized!2.Getdonewithit.3.Getaway!4.Getalongwithyou.

5.Getoutofhere.6.Getback.

[附注]祈使句一般不用主语，如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语，这个主语相当于呼语。如：

1.Youtalk;wehaveheardenoughfromtheothers.

2.Everybodyshuttheireyes.

3.Yousweepthefloor,XiaoWang;youcleanthedesks,XiaoLi,andothersfetchwater.

其次，大人对孩子说话，或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪，也可加主语you

1.Nowyoulistentome.2.Youmustnottalksoloud!

3.Nowyougetabitofpaperandwritedown.4.Yourmindyourownbusiness!

第三，当句中的副词虚助词在句首时，须用主语，如：Inyougo!(=Goin,please.)

强语势祈使句

句型62［（肯定句）Do+动词原形+（其他）］/［(否定句)Never+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Dotellme!2.Dobecareful!3.Docome!4.Dostaywithus!5.Nevertellalie.

6.Neverstandrightinthemiddleofyourwork.

7.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.

句型［No/Noneof+名词！］

1.Nofalsehood!Ourstrengthliesinstatingthetruth.

2.TheKingsaid:"hehasstudiedtoomuch,Nobooksandnoteachersanymore!...

3.Noneofyourlittlegames!4.Noneofyournonsense!5.Noneofyourimpudence

[注1]no是泛指，none所指有一定的范围

[注2]旧时有用forGodssake或forgoodnesssake等来加强语气的。ForGodssakedontfirethatgun!

委婉祈使句

句型［Please+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Pleasepassmethedictionary.2.Lendmeyourknife,please.

3.Dontstandpleaseonceremony.4.Movealong,please.5.Pleasehelpyourself!

[注]文学作品中please可用pray替代，如：1.Praygohome.2.Pray,goonwithyournextstory.

句型［Willyou/Wontyou/Wouldyou+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Willyoucomehere?(=Pleasecomehere.)2.Willyoudothebeds,whileIdothewindows?

3.Helpmewiththisluggage,willyou?4.Wontyoustayalittlelonger?

5.Wontyouhavesomemore?6."Wouldyoudomeafavor?"-"Why,ofcourse."

7.Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?8.Wouldyoukindlyshowmetheway?

[注]疑问句的祈使句还有could,can,may,might,如：Couldyoulendmefiveshillingsuntiltomorrow?

Might(May)Iborrowyourpen(for)amoment?

句型［Wouldyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］/［Doyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］

1."Would(或Do)youmindlendingmeyourdictionary?"-"Certainlynot."

2.Wouldyoumindbeinghereatnineoclock?

3."Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?"-"Oh,no,please."

4.Doyoumindnotsmokinginthedining-room,please?

句型［Whatabout+动名词+（其他）］/［Howabout+动名词+（其他）］

1.Whataboutstartingworktomorrow?2.Whataboutgoingoutforawalk?

3.Howabouttryingtodoitmyway?

句型［Be+sogood/kindas+不定式+（其他）］/［Be+good/kindenough+不定式+（其他）］

1.Besogoodastocomeandjoinusat5oclock.

2.Besokindas(=kindenough)toshutthedoor.

3.Begoodenoughtoletmeknowwhenyouwillreturnfromyourholiday.

4.BekindenoughtocomeandhelpmetostudyEnglish.

[注1]句型60,61可与本句型结合使用，如：1.Willyoubebackearlythisevening,please?2.Willyoubekindenough/sokindastoclosethedoor?3.Wouldyoubesogoodastoposttheletterforme?

[注2]有时可以在这些句型前加上just,使语气更缓和，如：Justlistentoher,please!Justshutthedoor,willyou?

建议祈使句

句型［Letus/Lets或Let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival.2.Oh,doletusbefriends.

3."Letsgo."-"yes,letsgo."4.Letsstartearly,shallwe?

5."Shallhecomein?"-"lethimwait!"6.Lethimhavehissay.

7."NatureandNatureslawslayhidinnight,godsaidLetNewtonbeandallwaslight.

[注]let可用于句型55，如：Letmesee."Letmealone.""Pleaseletmeintothehouse."

句型［Let+宾语+not}+动词原形+其他］［Dontlet+宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusnotgo.2.Letsnotwasteouttimearguingaboutit.3.Letsnotdiscussitinclass.

4.Dontletthefireout.5.Dontletthechildrencomeneartheedge.

6.Pray(please)dontletusbesplittinghairs…,ortherellneverbeanendofthecause.

[注1]古英语中可采用"Letnot+宾语…"的形式，如：1.Letnotsuccesselateyou.(=youshouldnotbeelatedbysuccess.)2.Letnotfailuredejectyou

[注2]以上三种否定式不可用于间接引语中，如：（误）Tellhimdontletthefireout.

（误）Tellhimletthefirenotout.（误）Tellhimletnotthefireout.（正）Tellhimnottoletthefireout.

句型［Suppose/Supposing+主语+谓语（动词原形、过去时）+其他］

1.Supposeyouringmeup.2.Supposingwegoforaswim.

3.Suppose(Supposing)wetrytodoitmyway.4.Supposingwelooked(look)himuptoday.

句型［主语+hadbetter+动词原形+其他］

1.Wedbetterstartearly.(=Itwouldbebetterforustostartearly.)

2.Youdbetterdoasthedoctorsaysandstayinbed.

3.Youhadbettergotothefieldsandhavealook.4.Hadntyoubettertakeanumbrella?

[注]相当于本句型的还有以下二式：1."…wouldbewell+不定式…"Itwouldbewelltostartearly.

2."…mayaswell+原形动词…"Wemayaswellgo.

[附注]建议祈使句还可以用以下动词来表达

1）allow,如：Allowme,Sir,tointroduceyoutomyfellow-travelers.

Prayallowmetodetainyouforamoment..

2)permit,多用于正式场合，如：Permitmetoexplainfurther.

Pleasepermitme,onbehalfofourschool,toextendmyheartfeltgreetingstoyou.

其次，也可用陈述句来表达这种概念。如：Youhavetoknockbeforeyouentermyroom.

1.Youarenottocomeintomyroomwithoutknocking.

2.Yououghttoshowhonortoyourteachers.3.WeshouldbethemastersofScience.

4.Youaretowriteyournameatthetopofeachsheetofpaper.

祝愿句

句型［Longlive+第三人称主语］

1.Longliveoursocialistmotherland.

2.Longlivethegreat,gloriousandcorrectCommunistPartyofChina.

句型［May+第二、三人称主语+动词原形+其他］

1.Mayyoureturnsoon!2.Mayheneverrepentthisact!

3.Mayyousucceedinbuildingupastrongandprosperouscountry!

4.Mayourtwopeoplesachieveevengreatersuccessesinoursocialistconstruction!

[注]句型69，70可结合使用。如：Longmayshelivetoenjoyhergoodfortune!

有时可用might代替may,如：Rathermighttheyliveinfriendshipforthefuture!

句型［（祝愿内容）名词+to+名词或代词（被祝愿对象）］

1.Eternalglorytothepeoplesheroes!2.Solutetoyou!3.Successtoyou!

4.Alonglifetoyou!5.Atoasttoourfriendship!6.Ahappyjourneytoyou!7.Goodlucktoyou!

句型［Ifonly/But+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes!

2.IfonlyIhadknownthenwhatIknewlongafterwards!

3.Ah,ifonlyithadlifeandmovement!4.IfIcouldonlygetsomethingtodo.

句型［Oh/O/Ah）名词+that+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］［Oh/O/Ah）名词+tobe+表语+其他］

［Oh/O/Ah）名词+虚拟式谓语+主语+其他］

1.Oh!Thatshecouldcomebacktolifeagain!2.Othathewerealiveandcouldseethefruitsofhislabor.

3.Ah,thatIhadbutknown!4.OthatIhadlistenedtohim!5.Oh,tobeinEnglandnowthatAprilsthere!6.Otobeaboyagain!7.Owereheonlyhere!8.OhadIwings!

句型［Be+主语+表语+其他］/［表语+Be+主语+其他］

1.Behisbannerunconquered,resistlesshisspear.

2.Beoursahappymeeting!3.Lightbeherheartandgayhermerryeyes!

4.Sobeit!(=Somayitbe!=Beitso!)

5."GoodfriendforJesussake,forbear

Todigthedustenclosedhere,

Blessedbehethatsparesthesestones

Andcurstbehethatmovesmybones."(EpitaphwrittenbyShakespeare)

句型［Would(that)+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.Would(that)itwereotherwise!2.Wouldthattheyweresafehomeagain!

3.Wouldyouwerewithus!(=Iwishyouwerewithus!)4.WouldIwereascientist!

5.Would(that)Iwereyoungagain.6.WouldIwereasstrongasyou.

[注]口语中还有各种表示祝愿的说法，如：Goodmorning!AHappyNewYear!AHappyHoliday!Happyjourney!Manyhappyreturns(oftheday)!Goodluckineverything!Mybestwishestoyou!

揭示句

句型[No+动名词或名词！］/[(修饰语)+名词]

1.NoSmoking!2.NoParkingHere!3.NoScribbling(onthewall)!4.NoPassage!

2.NoAdmittance!6.NoAdmittanceexceptonbusiness.7.NoSpitting!8.NoTalking!

9.NoThoroughfare.10.NoBill(或PostNoBill).11.NottoBeTakenAway!

12.Order!13.Interval-10Min.14.TheEnd.15.NightBell.16.Holiday.

17.Poison!18.Danger!19.HighTension!20.Attention!(或Lookout!)

[注]这种句型还可以用副词，形容词，分词，动词，词组或句子来表达，如：Slow;KeepRight;

Handsoff;WetPaint;BewareofFire;Upstairs;Downstairs;Push;Pull;ChildrennotAllowed;Engaged;Full,AllFull;Timesover;Entrance;Exit;Wayout等。

口号口令式祈使句

句型［副词虚助词+with+名词（或代词）］

1.Downwiththeslavementality!Burydogmatism!

2.Awaywithsuperstitionandemancipatethemind.

3.Downwiththelandlords!4.Upwiththepoor!5.Upwithit!6.Inwithyou!7.Outwithit!

8.Offwithyourhat.9.Offwiththeirheads!10.Onwithyourshoes!

句型［名词+副词虚助词！］［副词或比较级副词！］

1.Handsup!2.Handsoff!3.Skatesoff!4.Forwardtonewvictories!5.Louder!6.Higher!

7."Forward,men,forward"criesPakenham.8."Away!-away!"criedshewildly.

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

在初中英语中会涉及到很多重点句型的学习，掌握这些句型不仅能让你在答题、写作时展现出更高英语水平，也能使你的口语水平有一个提升。下面就为大家介绍几个初中英语重要的句型。

操作方法

（主语）ask/tell sb.  to do sth. 让…做…

在这个句型中需注意的是to do的不定式，在选词填空或这作文中使用该句型时，一定要注意是to do而并非doing等形式。

be the same as 与……相同

在这个句型中主语一般为物，意为什么和什么是一样的。

What’s the matter with sb/sth？ 某人/某物出什么毛病了？

询问某人或者某物出什么问题时可用该句型，该句型也等同于whats wrong with sb/sth？

It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事

这是一种很常用的表达，it代替后面的某事而放到句首做形式主语，避免后面的sth放到句首而导致这个句子有一种头重脚轻的感觉。

What do you think of sth？你怎么看某事？

该句型一般用于询问某人对与某件事物或事情的看法，口语中经常用到这句话，是十分实用的一个句型。

1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

英语中的五种基本句型结构

一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：

1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。

2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：

1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.

五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）

2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)

5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)

●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。

●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

表示“据说”的三类被动句型

(1)Itissaidthat…句式

Itissaidthathonestyisthebestpolicy.人们说诚实是上策。

Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

注：其他类似结构还有：

It’ssupposedtobeverygood.据说它质量很好。

It’sexpectedthatthewarwouldendsoon.预计战争不久即可结束。

Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。

(2)Thereissaidthat…句式

Thereissaidtobeplentyofoiloffourcoast.据信我们近海有大量石油。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thereissupposedtobeatrainat9:30.九点半应有一班火车。

Thereareknowntobethousandsofdifferentspeciesofbeetles.据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。

(3)sb/sthissaidthat…句式：其意为“据说”，

Mr.Brownissaidtohavediedoflivercancer.据说布朗先生死于肝癌。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thestrikeisexpectedtoendsoon.估计罢工不久就可结束。

Heisbelievedtohavealreadygotoutofthecountry.据信他已离开这个国家。

基式被动句

句型［主语+（特殊定式动词）+be+过去分词…+by+施动者］

1.WehavebeengreatlyencouragedbyLeiFengsexample.

2.Smokingisnotpermittedinthistheatre.3.Howthesteelwastempered?

4.RobertFinnwasdismissedbythebossofthefactory.

5.IfCowperwoodwereconvicted,Stenerneedsmustbe.

6.Thestorywillbecontinuedinournextmonthsissue.

7.Hastheworkbeenfinishedaheadoftime?

[注]阅读时不要把含有by的成语当成施动者，如：byhand（用手）byitself（独自）bystorm（突然）byair（乘飞机）例如："ManyyearsagoagreatcastleinHollandwastakenbystorm.Theenemiesenteredthecastle…"

句型［主语+get+过去分词+其他］

1.Hegotkilledinthewar.2.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

3.ThisstoryeventuallygottranslatedintoEnglish.4.Hegotdismissed.5.Hegotplucked.6.Hegotdrownedlastyear.7.Idontwanttogetmixedupwiththepoliceagain.

句型［主语+be+形容词+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Sheisboundtobereceivedwarmly.2.Weareliabletobeoverheardhere.

3.Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.4.Castironisapttobebroken.

5.Everythingthatisgoodissuretobepraisedandeverythingbadissuretobeexposed.

6.Hewasunluckytobehurt.

句型［主语+谓语+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Heseemedtobeshutupinhimselflikeashellfish.2.Isittobesungorsaid?

3."WouldyouliketobetaughtLatin?"-Iasked.

4.Sheaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

5.Hepreferredtobeassignedsomethingmoredifficulttodo.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词/副词虚助词+by+施动者］

1.Hewasoftenspokenabout.2.Hewaswelllookedafter.3.Thatmancanbereliedupon.

4.ThisideawasputforwardbyMr.Wheatley.5.Childrenarewelltakencareofinthenurseries.

[附注1]表示被动行为的施动者主要用by，但也有用with,不过with已近于表示行为的工具，后面不能接人的名词，如：Iwasmuchimpressedwiththebeautyofthemusic.Heisdeeplyimpressedwithyourgenerousdonation.

Hewaskilledwithabullet.Iwasstruckwithanidea.

[附注2]一般说来，只有当谓语是被动式时，这个句子才可称为被动句，下面的句子含有被动意义的非谓语成分，虽然表达了一定的被动意义，但是不能说是被动句，Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.这种被动意义的非谓语成分主要由下了词语表达出来：

1)被动不定式。它可以在句中作主语、定语、复合宾语、状语等。

Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtotakepartinthemeeting.

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

2)被动分词在句中作定语、复合宾语等。Hetoldustokeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussed.

Thegoodsorderedlastmonthhavenotarrivedyet.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

ThespeechmadebythePrimeMinisteryesterdaydelightedhissupporters.

3)被动动名词。IhadthehonorofbeingelectedHisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness..

It引导的被动句

句型［It+被动式谓语+名词/形容词+实际主语（不定式、动名词）+其他］

1.Itwasconsideredashametocheatinexamination.2.Itwasfounddifficultforustounderstandhim.

3.Itwouldbeconsideredunwiseyourgoingtherewithoutaguide.

4.Itwasdeemedsheerwasteoftimearguingaboutit.5.Itwasprovedwrongtosaythingslikethat.

句型［It+被动式谓语+实际主语（that/疑问关联词）+从句］

1.Itisrequestedthatyoukindlytakeimmediateactioninthematter.

2.Itwasarrangedthatalltheboysshouldgobybikeandallthegirlsonfoot.

3.Ithasnotbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.

4.Ithasntbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.

5.Hasitbeendecidedwherewearetoholdtheconference?

保留宾语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

这类保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：allow,afford,bring,deny,ensure,give,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,return,tell,show,teach等。

1.TheRosembergsweredeniedafairandopentrial.2.Mr.Smithwasgivenaprize.

3.Thepositionwasoffered(to)Mr.Black.4.Hewasshownthedifference.

5.WearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbytheParty.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

带介词保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：clear…of,cure…of,strip…of,add…to,devote…to,dedicated…to,base…on,compare…with,free…from等。

1.Wearewhollydedicatedtotheeducationalcause.2.Thenewswastoldtoeveryone.

3.Alltheroadswereclearedofsnow.4.Educationmustbecombinedwithproductionlabor.

5.Thematterwasthenreportedtohimbytelephone.6.Theorderwaspassedtohimbyhisson.

4.带主语补足语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+不定式/现在分词+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接不定式的：advise,allow,ask,compel,command,help,wish,warn,等。

接现在分词的：feel,hear,listento,notice,see,lookat,watch,find,imagine,leave（听任）等。

1.Iwaswarnednottobelate.2.Becauseofhiscomplainthewasnotpermittedtoplaycricket.

3.Iamsupposedtoknowsomethingaboutscience.4.Theyneedntbekeptwaiting.

5.Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.6.Theenginehadbetterbestartedrunning.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+名词/形容词/介词词组+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接名词的：name,call,choose,elect,appoint,make,find,leave（保留）等。

接形容词的：bake,beat,boil,burn,cut,keep,make,paint,wash,wipe等。

1.ThislittleboywascalledJohn.2.Hewasappointedheadoftheteam.

3.NewtonwasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSociety.4.Hewasbeatblackandblue

5.Ilosemykey.Thetrunkhadtobebrokenopen.6.Thepatientwaspronouncedoutofdanger.

双重被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+被动不定式+其他］

1.Thedateisexpectedtobeannouncedsoon.

2.Thegatewasorderedtobeclosedatnineoclock.

3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

4.Thesearmsaresupposedtohavebeenusedbypartisansduringtheanti-Japanesewar.

5.Thetaskisreportedtohavebeencompletedyesterday.

6.Theinstrumentsaresupposedtobeusedonlybyskilledworkers.

[注]H.W.Fowler说过，双重被动式，从文体学观点来看是应该尽量避免，因为从表面看来容易为类似的假象所混淆。如：(错)Thehousewasbeguntobebuilt.不是房子开始而是房子的建造开始。下列动词不适宜于本句型：attempt,decide,promise,seek,begin,hope,intend,propose,purpose,threaten等。

不可说：Theworkwasattemptedtobedonequickly.应当说：Anattemptwasmadetodotheworkquickly.

不可说：Hehasbeendecidedtobehelped.应当说：Ithasbeendecidedtohelphim.Ithasbeendecidedthatheshouldbehelped.

[附注]主动语态与被动语态互相转换时应注意的几点事项。

1）基本转换公式：省略。

2）转换时一般不得变更动词的时态。另下列各时式不能用于被动句中。

1.将来进行时2.现在完成进行时3.将来完成进行时4.过去完成进行时

3）被动句中by后接us,you,them,one时，by短语可以省略。

4）祈使句中使用被动式谓语很少见，以下各句可说是例外：Pleasebeseated.Betrustedratherthanfeared.

一般情况使用let帮助构成祈使句的被动语态。

Doonethingatatime.→Letonethingbedoneatatime.Givehimsomethingtoeat.→Letsomethingtoeatbegiven(to)him./→Lethimbegivensomethingtoeat.

5）在下列情况下，主动句不能转换成被动句。1.由于宾语的性质不用被动句：

A.当宾语是缺乏实义的代词it时，不能变，如：walkit,goit,fightitout

B.当宾语为反身代词时，不能变，如:(错)Himselfwasabsentedbyhim.

C.宾语前若有主语的物主代词时，不能变，如:(错)Hisfingeriscutbyhim.

D.当宾语是eachother或oneanother时不能变，如:(错)Eachotherishelpedbyus.

E.当宾语是不定式时，很少转用于被动句。不宜说：Togoiswantedbyme或Itiswantedbymetogo.

2.由于某些动词的性质不用被动句,这类动词有：become,befit,fail,last,resemble,suit,suffice,wish,disappear,lackwant,like,hate,possess,own,contain,have,happento,belongto,breakout,takeplace,setsail,shakehandswith,takepartin等。

3.当某些动宾关系十分紧密不可分割时不能变被动句。这种组合中的宾语大多表示工具、方式或结果，如：Sheleanedherelbowsonthetable.Hekeptsilence.Hetook(made)aflight.Theboydidnotloseheart.Nydiabowedhergratitude.

4.容易发生歧义的句子最好不用被动句，如：Thetalldoctorshookhishead.

6)有些被动句不能变成主动句，如：Hewaskilledinwar.Itissaidthatheisill.

延续否定句

句型11［（前句）否定句，+（后句）否定句］

1."Oh,no,no,noandagainno,"saidPinocchio."Imustbeagoodboy."

2."AmItroublingyou?"-"no,notintheleast."

3.Ishallneverdoit,notunderanycircumstances.

4.Wemustnotthinkofhimasabig,strongboy.Farfromit!

5.Idontknowhowmuchyouvegot,andIdaresayyouhardlyknowyourself,asitwouldtakeaprettylongtimetocountit.

句型12［(前句)主语+否定式谓语…，(后句）not+(同前)主语］

1.Illnotdosuchathing,notI.2.Hewillnotbreakhisword,nothe.

3.Theywillnotbediscouraged,notthey.4.TomcannotspeakRussian,nothe.

句型13［(前句)否定句，+(后句）not/neither］

1.Friedadidntgotothedance,neitherdidFanny.2.Youcantdoit,norcananybodyelse.

3.Youdidnotseehim,neitherdidI.4.Areyounotgoing?NeitheramI.

5.Oliverdidnotcomethatday,northenextday;northenextafterthat,norformany,manydaysafter.

6.Iknownotwhat,norwhere,neitherwhatlatitude,whatcountry,whatnation,orwhatriver.Ineithersaw,nordesiredtoseeanypeople;theprincipalthingIwantedwasfreshwater.

[注1]有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。

Ithoughtofhim(=Ididntforgethim),nordidIforgetyou.

[注2]前句用little,hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。

Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.

句型14［（前句）否定句，+（后句）no/not/nor…either…(or)…］

1.Wearenotinthewrong,nor(is)Johneither.2.Icannotsing,Icannotdance,either.

3.Maryhasnobrothers,nocousins,either.4.Idontknowit.Youdontknoweither?

5.Chinawillnotbeasuperpower,noteithertodayoreverinthefuture.

[注]英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too,also或…andaswell

句型15［主语+否定式谓语…，+增强语气词(much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+less+名词词组或从句］表示"…,更不用说…"。

1.Icouldnotassentto,muchlessparticipateinsuchproceedings.

2.…hedarednotopenlychargeherwiththeattempt,muchlesspunishherforit.

3.Hedoesntlikemusic,stilllessdancing.

4.Ididnotevenseehim,stilllessshakehandswithhim.

5.Ihavenomind(idea)tolendthisbooktoanyone,muchlesstopartwithit.(割爱)

[注](much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容，但muchmore只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。如:Ilikemusic,muchmoredancing.HespeaksFrench,muchmoreEnglish.

Everyonehasarighttoenjoyhisliberty,muchmorehislife.

句型16［主语+否定式谓语…;+tosaynothingof/nottospeakof/nottomention+名词词组］

［主语+否定式谓语…;letalone+名词词组或从句］

1.HedoesnotknowEnglish,tosaynothingofGermanorFrench.

2.Inoldchinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanaviationindustry.

3.Atthattimetheycouldnotaffordtheordinarycomfortsoflife,nottospeakofluxuries.

4.Idontknowalgebraorgeometry,nottomentioncalculus.

5.Ineverthoughtofit,letalone(或muchless,stillless)didIdoit.

[注1]"nottosay"与"tosaynothingof",意思相差很远。"nottosay"是"不到"的意思，如：Itiswarm,nottosayhot.

[注2]apartfrom;independentlyof(姑且不说…)如：Quiteapartfrom(orindependentlyof)sayingagooddealofmoneyindrawingillustrationsmyself,Iderivedmuchpleasurefromit.

半否定句

句型17［主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+（其他）］

1.Itscarcelymatters.2.IhavehardlyeverbeenoutofLondon…

3.ThedowntownsectionofNewYorkhashardly(almostnot)atreeorasinglebladeofgrassanywherealongthenarrowdustystreets.

4.Hewouldhardlyrecognizehishometownifhesawitnow.

5.Weseldomhearsuchfinesingingfromschool.6.Littleremainstobesaid.

句型18［半否定词+or/if+否定代词或否定副词+…］

1.Few,however,ifany,besidestheKinghimselfbelievedthatHermionewasguilty.

2.Isawlittleornothingofhimafteryouweregone.

3.Sheseldomornever(ifever)madeamistake.4.Mr.Morrisseldomorneverwentout.

5.Peterreadlittleornothing(littleifanything)insummervacation.

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

一般判断句

句型［主语+系词be+表语］

1.Knowledgeispower.2.Whatsmineisyours,andwhatisyoursismine.

3."Whoareyou?"-"ItisI."4."WhoisI?"-"Pinocchio."

5.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.6.Sheisquitethebestdancer,Iknow.

7.Bensagoodrunner;fewseamenrunbetterthanBen.

8."Whatkindofsailorareyou?"-"Imnotmuchofasailor.

9.IknewIdontexpressmyselfproperly:Imabadhandatsentimentality.

10.Ourconferencehasbeenhighlysuccessful.

11.Thesuccessfulconvocationofthenationalscienceconferenceisamatterofgreatjoyforus.

[注1]除了报刊标题和一些谚语格言省略系词外，一般情况下系词是不可随便省略的。汉语说"东方红"，英语一定要用系词，说成"Theeastisred.""他很和气。"英语要说，"Heisverykind."，"你的表不对。"英语不能说"Yourwatchisnotcorrect.",只能说"Itsnotrighttimebyyourwatch."/"Yourwatchdoesnotkeepgoodtime."他是人民的死敌。"英语说"Heisthedeadlyenemyofthepeople."

[注2]英语中有些形容词只作表语用。常见的有：alive,alike,asleep,aware,fond,glad,faint,ill,wellunwell,afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容词不能作表语，只能作定语用。主要有以下几种情况：

1）固定性词组中的形容词。可说"Heismyoldfriend."，不可说"Myfriendisold(或new)."可说"Heisacompletefool."，不可说，"Thefooliscomplete."

2）作强调语的形容词。可说"Itistheveryman."，不可说"Themanisvery."可说"Thisistheonlyoccasion."，不可说"Theoccasionistheonly."

3）起命名作用的关系形容词。可说"Heisanatomicspecialist."，不可说"Thespecialistisatomic."可说"Thisisawoolendress."，不可说"Thedressiswoolen."

句型［主语+mean+宾语或状语］

1.Sciencemeanshonest,solidknowledge.2.Difficultiesandhardshipsmeantnothingtothem.

3.Environmentmeansmuchtoachild.4.Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.

[注]除be,mean系词外还有become,make,grow,remain,feel,sound,smell,taste,prove,look,get,go,come,keep等。Hehasbecomeacommunist.Shewillmakeaverygoodathlete.NurturedbytheParty,hehasgrownintoagoodcadre

句型［主语+call/name+宾语+宾语补足语］［主语+be+called/named+主语补足语］

1.AnEnglishmancallshimselfyoungatfifty.2.Hecalledhismother"oldgirl",too.

3.WeallcallhimIronOx.4.WenamedhimJohn.5.HeiscalledbythenameofPaul.

6.Thisplaceisrightlycalledanearthlyparadise.7.Hewasnamedafterhisuncle.

句型［主语+regard等+宾语+as+宾语补足语］

1.Iregardhimasanobleman.2.Weregardeditasanhonor.

3.Donttreatcomradesasenemies.4.Welookonourjobasanhonor.

5.Welookuponouryouthasthefutureofourmotherland.

6.Heishonoredasamodelworker.7.Peoplerespectedhimasagreatpoet.

8.Thisroomservesastheoffice.9.TheydisguisedthemselvesasMarxists.

强调判断

句型［主语+be+nootherthan/nonebut+表语（强调内容）］

1.Thisisnootherthanmyoldfriend,John.

2.ThetallfigurethatIsawno/noneotherthanourcommander.

3.ThemanstandingbeforehimwasnoneotherthanthePartybranchsecretary.

4.OurPartysPolicyofcadresistoappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.

[注]类似的说法还有nobodyelse,"Isthatyou,Bumble?"-"Nobodyelse."AnsweredMr.Bumble.

句型［主语+be+nothing+(else)but/elsethan/lessthan+表语］

1.Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.2.Hitlerwasnothingbutapapertiger.

3.Thesituationisnothingelsebut(than)fine.4.Thatsnothinglessthanamiracle.

5.Whathetoldyouwasnothingelsethannonsense.

6.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

7.Whatweexpectedisnothinglessthanatechnicalrevolution.

[注]相当于本句型的否定说法是"…beanythingbut…",译作"决不是"，如：

Heisanythingbutacoward.(=Heisnotacowardatall.)

句型［Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句］

1.Itispoliticalconsciousnessthatgivesvigortohiswritings.

2.Itwasowingtothevictoryoftherevolutionarywarof1776ledbyWashingtonthattheAmericanpeoplewonindependence.3.Itwasafterliberationthatweledahappylife.

4.ItwasinBeijingthatImethimforthefirsttime.

[注]除了以上句型表示强调外，还可以用以下方式来表达：

1）用very,only,certainly,ofcourse，tobesure等词语加强语气，如：

ThatstheverythingIneed.Thereportiscertainlyfalse.Heis,nodoubt,agoodpupil.

2)用"fromfirsttolast","outandout"(多用于反面)，"throughandthrough"(多用于正面)等成语加强语气，如：Itisadelusionfromfirsttolast…Heisatraitoroutandout.Heisarevolutionarythroughandthrough.

3)用准系词remain,continue等，如：Goldremainsgoldinthefurnaceofhistoryanddrossremainsdross.

4)有时用"…beneithermorenorlessthan…",(不多不少，十足)如：Itisneithermorenorlessthanalie.

弱势判断句

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语］

1.Mycompanionlookedashamed."Well,"hesaid,"youwereright…"

2.Thesituationseemedquiteencouraging.3.Yoursentencedoesntsoundright.

4.Sheappearedquitetouchedatthewords.5.Ittastessweet.

6.Thecountryseemedtobegoingtothedogs.WarwiththeSouthorsecessionwasvaguelylookinginthedistance.

句型［主句+asif/asthough+从句（主语+虚拟式谓语）］

1.Youspokeasifyouhadbeenherebefore.2.IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.

3.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.

4.…hisexposedthroatlookedasifahalterwouldhavedoneitgood.

[注]在asif后面可以直接跟不定式，这是一种间缩的用法，如：Heopenedhislipsasiftosaysomething.

其次，在asif后面的谓语动词也有人用现在时的，如：Itlooksasifoursideis(或were)goingtowin.

句型［主语+may(+not)+be+表语+虚拟式谓语）］［Perhaps等副词+主语+谓语+其他］

1.Itmay(not)betrue.2."Thisfellow"hethought,"maynotbeascamp…"

3.Whatmonthisthis?-MaybeitsJuly.4.Perhapsyouareright.

5.Perhapssheisill.6.Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.7.Possiblyitistrue.

句型［主语+be+itissaid,/asitwere,等+表语］

1.sheis,itissaid(或theysay),thebestpupilintheclass.

2.Peopleinthatvillage,itissaid(或theysay),areallkind-hearted.

3.Heisnotequaltothetask,asitwere.4.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.

5.Withtheilliterateaudience,hefelthimselfasitwerecastingpearlsbeforeswine.

6.Itisntaverygoodsuggestion,tosaytheleastofit.

[注]有两个词组容易与asitwere混淆，就是asitis,asitwas。这两个词组必须用在和它们的时态一致的句中。意思是"照现在的样子"，"照当时的样子"，但都引申译为"事实上"，如：Itisimpossibletocarryouttheplanasitis.

句型［主语+be+saidtobe/so-called/,whatiscalled,+表语］

1.HeissaidtobeanexcellentChinesescholar.2.Thisissaidtobethefinestparkinshanghai.

3.Thatisso-calledcivilizedworld.Thatisso-callednaturalism.

4.Heiswhatiscalled,apoet.Heis,whatiscalled,alivingdictionary.

注释判断句

句型［被说明的部分，+thatis(i.e.),/thatistosay,/namely(viz),/inotherwords+说明部分］

1.Mr.Greencametoseemenotlongago,thatis,onlylastweek.

2.We-thatistosay,JohnandI-intendtoresign.

3.Rulesofgrammarcannotbeprofitablystudiedintheabstract-thatistosay,withoutexamples.

4.Heisanoutstandingspecialist,thatistosay,heisbothredandexpert.

5.Wehavefivesenses,namely,sight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouch.

6.Amanshouldneverbeshamedtoownhehasbeeninthewrong,whichisbutsaying,inotherwords,thatheiswisertodaythanhewasyesterday.

7.IdonotknowMr.Flynn,i.e.,donotknowhimwellenoughtosayifheisabsolutelyreliable.

句型［被说明的部分，+tobemoreexact,/ormorecorrectly,/orrather+说明部分］

1.Threeweekstomorrow,tobemoreexact(ormorecorrectly),the10thofMayismybirthday.

2.Thisisapillar,ormorecorrectly,acolumn.3.Itisahutor,tobemoreexact,acowshed.

4.Histheory,orrather,hypothesis,wasnotunobjectionable.

5.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.

正反判断句

句型［主语+be+not+表语A,+but+表语B］/［主语+be+表语B+and(或but)not+表语A］

1.Iamveryill,notbodily,butmentally.

2.WhatIadmireinColumbusisnothishavingdiscoveredaworld,buthishavinggonetosearchforitonthefaithofanopinion.

3.Thetragedyisnotinnotknowing,butinnotknowingthatyoudontknow.

4.TheMarxist-Leninisttheoryisnotadogma,butaguidetoaction.

5.Heisanordinaryworker,andnotacadre.

6.Itisyours,andnotmine.(=itisnotmine,butyours.)

句型［(Itis)not…that(who)…,but…that(who)…］

1.(Itis)NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.

2.Notthatweareafraidofdifficulties,butthattheyareafraidofus.

3.Itisnotheroesthatmakehistory,buthistorythatmakesheroes,andthat,consequently,itisnotheroeswhocreatepeople,butthepeoplewhocreateheroesandmovehistoryonward.

句型［Sofarfrombeing+表语，主语+谓语+其他］

1.Sofarfrombeingahelp,hewashindrance.2.Sofarfrombeingtrue,thenewsisfalse.

3.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.

[注]在一般陈述句中仅用farfrom也可以表示一正一反的意义,如:Farfrompraisinghim,Imustpositivelyblamehim.

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语，+but+inreality/infact/inessence+…］

1.Thatsoundsallright,butinrealityitisnot.

2.Thismayseemabadthing,butinrealityitisagoodthing

3.Helooksignorant,butinfactheisveryclever.

4.Thetwothingsthoughsimilarinformaredifferentinessence.

5.Heappearstobewell,butreallyheisratherill.

6.HethinkshimselfaswiseasSolomon,butinrealityheisacompletefool.

[注]insteadof可以用来表示正反判断，如：Wemustworkhardinsteadofspendingourtimeidly.

比较判断句

句型［主语+be+less表语A+than+表语B］/［主语+be+more表语B+than+表语A］

1.Experienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal.Thewinnerishewhogiveshimselftohiswork,bodyandsoul.

2.Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.3.Heismoreshythan(heis)unsocial.

4.Ariverthatcarriessomuchsiltpercubicmeter(590kilograms-overhalfaton)ismorelikeliquidlandthanwater

[注1]more后面如果跟形容词，形容词要用原级，如：（正）Hewasmoreangrythanfrightened.

(误)Hewasmoreangrierthanfrightened.(误)Hewasangrierthanfrightened.

[注2]成语"moredeadthanalive"(劳累已极、累得要死)是一种夸张的说法，原意是"与其说还活着，不如说是死了。"如："Oliver,moredeadthanalive,couldanswerYes.

句型［主语+be+表语B+ratherthan+表语A］

1.Heisanordinaryworkerratherthanacadre.2.Heisratherdiligentthanclever.

3.Thepatientwasworseratherthanbetter.4.Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

句型［主语+be+notsomuch+表语A+as+表语B］

1.Heisnotsomuchascholarasawriter.(notsomuch…as=less…than)

2.Itisnotsomuchthebeingexemptfromfaults,ashavingovercomethem,thatisanadvantagetous.

3.Itisnotsomuchadviceasapprovalthatheseeks.

[注]该句型也常用于行为动词作谓语的句子中。如：Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.

Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.

互斥判断句

句型主语+be+(either)表语A+or+表语B］/［(Either)主语A+or+主语B+be+表语］

1.Heoryouaremistaken.Youorheismistaken.

2.Heisattheofficeorattheworkshop.3.Eitheryourbrakesoryoureyesightisatfault.

4.Itiswrongtoregardourworkeitherastotallygoodorascompletelybad.

5.EitherheisrightorIam.(=EitherheorIamright.)

[注]该句型可以采用简易方式："Ifitisnot…itis…"如：ifitisnottakingthesocialistroad,itistakingthecapitalistroad.

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人（做某事）……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

一、themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)

HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen。

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

二、Nothingis+erthanto+V

Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V

例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation。

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch

(再怎么强调.。。的重要性也不为过。)

例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch。

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.。。(不可否认的……)

例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse。

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~(全世界都知道……)

例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous。

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~(毫无疑问的……)

例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired。

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、Anadvantageofisthat+句子(……的优点是……)

例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate

(produce)anypollution。

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子(……的原因是……)

例句：Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovide

uswithfreshair。

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(如此……以致于……)

例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit。

时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。

十、Adj+as+Subject(主词)+be,S+V(虽然……)

例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebyno

meanssatisfactory。

{bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V

The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V

(愈……愈……)

例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake。

你愈努力，你愈进步。

十二、By+Ving,can(借着……，……能够……)

例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy。

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、enable+Object(受词)+to+V(……使……能够……)

例句：Listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed。

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~(我们绝对不能……)

例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge。

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、Itistime+S+过去式(该是……的时候了)

例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolve

thetrafficproblems。

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Thosewho~~~(……的人……)

例句：Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished。

违法的人应该受处罚。

十七、Thereisnoonebut~~~(没有人不……)

例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege。

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不……)

例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledto

giveupdoingsports。

由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、Itisconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)

Itisobviousthat+句子(明显的)

Itisapparentthat+句子(显然的)

例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinour

life。

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~(那就是……的原因)

例句：Summerishot.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit。

夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式。(过去……年来，……一直……)

例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingforthe

examination。

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式

例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard。

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、Itpaysto+V(……是值得的。)

例句：Itpaystohelpothers。

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、bebasedon(以……为基础)

例句：Theprogressofthesocietyisbasedonharmony。

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V(不遗余力的)

Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment。

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bringhometo+人+事(让……明白……事)

例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard。

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、becloselyrelatedto(与……息息相关)

例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth。

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V(养成……的习惯)

例句：Weshouldgetintothehabitofpreviewingandreviewing。

我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。

二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,(因为……)

例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream。

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!(多么……!)

例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!

Howimportantathingistokeepourpromise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Haveagreatinfluenceon~~(对……有很大的影响)

例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth。

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十二、dogoodto(对.。。有益)，doharmto(对……有害)

例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind。读书对心灵有益。

Overworkdoesharmtohealth。工作过度对健康有害。

三十三、Poseagreatthreatto(对……造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence。

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十四、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest(尽全力去……)

例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife。

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

三十五、Amongvariouskindsof…，…=Ofallthe…，…在各种…之中?…

例句：Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular。

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

三十六、Inmyopinion，…=Tomymind，…=AsfarasIamconcerned，…=Iamoftheopinionthat子句就我的看法…;我认为…

例句：Inmyopinion,playingcopmutergamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultohealth。

就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

三十七、OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethan…在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

例句：OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethanMissWang,myEnglishteacher。

在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。

三十八、据说…Itissaid(that)子句

一般认为…Itisthought(that)子句

大家都知道…Itisknown(that)子句

据报导…Itisreported(that)子句

一般预料…Itisexpected(that)子句

据估计…Itisestimated(that)子句

一般相信…Itisbelieved(that)子句

例句：ItsknownthatHangzhouisabeautifulcity。

众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。

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双重否定句

句型19［主语+否定式谓语…+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他］

1.Hedoesntlendhisbooktonobody.2.Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.

3.Illtakeitthen.Notfornothing.Illgiveyousomethinginreturn.

4.Icouldnotdisobeyhim.Onlyonethingremainedforme:tosufferandobey.

5.Hewasneverdissatisfiedwithmywork.6.Whatsdonecannotbeundone.

7.Thiscaptaintookafancytomyconversation,whichwasnotatalldisagreeableatthattime.

[注]如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。

Nothingischangeless.Nothingiswithouthisfaults.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

［主语+否定式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词］

句型20［(Therebe)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词…/动名词］

［It(或名词)is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词］

1.Wecanlivewithoutfoodorwaterforsomedays,butwithoutairwecannotliveevenafewminutes.

2.AtthebeginningoflearningEnglishhecouldnotspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.

3.Thereisnorighttospeakwithoutinvestigation.4.Nogainswithoutpains.

5.(Thereis)Nosweetwithout(some)sweat.

6.Withoutrevolutionarytheorytherecanbenorevolutionarymovement.

7.Withoutknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyitisimpossibletobuildsocialism.

8.Itisimpossibleforyourteamtowinwithoutconstanttraining.

[注1]由第二式的省略"no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生"no…no…"简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：Nopains,nogains.Nolaw,noliberty.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.Nothingventure,nothinghave.（nothing是no的派生词）

[注2]"notwithout…"表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。

例如：Notwithoutreason/notwithoutsomedoubtIhavebroughtbackyourman-notwithoutriskanddanger.

句型21［主语+cannot+help/refrainfrom/keepfrom+动名词…］

1.ThoughLaurencehadpromisedKeithnottoseeWanda,hecouldnothelpgoingtoher.

2.He(Shylock)couldnothelpshowinghispleasure.3.IcanthelpadmiringitwheneverIlookatit.

4.Icouldnotrefrainfromretortingtohearsuchalie.5.Icannotkeepfromlaughingtohearsuchastory.

句型22［主语+cannot+but/choosebut/helpbut+动词原形…］

1."Youcannotbutfeelalreadythatitisuselessstayinghere…youwillhavetogofarther."

2.Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.3.Wecannot(choose)butreadbookstoincreaseourknowledge.

4.Theycannotbutadmitthatincertainaspectsofscienceandtechnologyweareawayaheadofthem.

句型23［主句（否定结构）+从句（否定结构）］

1.Nothingwasusefulwhichwasnothonest.2.Nothingcanbewhollybeautifulthatisnotuseful.

3.Ihavenevercommittedoneactthatwasnotintheinterestsofmypeople.

4.Bassanio,inhisgrief,repliedthattherewasnothinghewouldnotsacrifice.

句型24［(Therebe)No+主语+but+谓语+其他］

1.Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.2.(Thereis)Nobodybuthashisfaults.3.Noonebutcandoit.

4.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.5.Thereisnobodybutknowsthismatter.

句型25［第一分句（否定式谓语）+but+第二分句（肯定式谓语）］

1.Itneverrainsbutitpours.(=Itneverrainswithoutpouring.)

2.IneverseeyoubutIthinkofmybrother.3.Theynevermeetbuttheydiscussthisproblem.

4.Shenevercomesbutshebringssomethingforthechildren.

[注]汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"--Sayallyouknowandsayitwithoutreserve."这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"--Suchpeopleareboundtotripandfall.

排除否定句

句型26［主语+谓语+beyond/beyondthefactthat…］

1.Hedidnothingbeyondwritingoneletter.

2.Hedidnotreallyknowwhathewasgoingtosay,beyondthatthesituationdemandedsomethingromantic.

3.OfOliverEdwards,nothing,Ibelieve,isknownbeyondthefactthathehadbeenatPembrokeCollegewithJohnson.

句型27［主语+谓语+but/butthat/barring…］

1.NooneknowsitbutyouandI.2.Hedidnothingbutwaitfortheresult.

3.Ihavenosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.

4.Icouldntseebutthatthesoldierswouldfightanddieforthesakeoftheircountry.

5.Whobuthewoulddosuchathing?

6.ThemeetingwillbeheldnextTuesdaybarringunforeseenfactors.

句型28［主语+谓语+except/exceptthat/exceptfor/excepting/…］

1.Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.

2.Nomaneverbecamegreatorgoodexceptthroughmanyandgreatmistakes.

3.Exceptalivingmanthereisnothingmorewonderfulthanabook.

4.Welaytherealongtimeinsilence,exceptthatWebbgroanedeverynowandthen.

5.Sheisabsolutelyaloneexceptforherson.

6.Allthesplendidfurnitureofhislateresidencehadbeensold,exceptinghiswifesharp.

句型29［主语+谓语+apartfrom/asidefrom/exclusiveof/withtheexclusionof…］

1.Apartfromthequestionofexpense,itistoolate.2.Asidefromthisstatement,herefusedtotalk.

3.Thebuildingwillcostabout2,500,000Yuan,exclusiveofthemachineryequipment.

4.TheCanalsysteminChinaisthemostextensiveintheworldwiththeexclusionofNetherland.

句型30［主语+谓语+save/savethat/savefor/saving/savingthat…］

1.Idoentreatyou,notamandeparts,saveIalone,tillantonymhasspoken.

2.Inthislifewegetnothingsavebyeffort.

3.Atthishourthegreattunnelwasquietsavewhenatrainroaredabove.

4.Allislostsavehonor.5.Savinghiseyesight,hewasaswellasever.

6.Thebarwasemptysaveforthelandlord.

7.SavingthathefailedinLatin,hedidwell.

句型31［主语+谓语+onlythat/otherthan…］

1.Ihavenothingagainsthim,onlythatIdislikehismanner.

2."IsanythingthematterwithMadeline?"-"No,papa,onlyIhavegotaheadache."

3.Itwasfortifiedonallsidesotherthanthis.

4.Youwillgenerallysufferforwishingtoappearotherthanwhatyouare;whetheritbegreater,ormorelearned.

[注1]besides和apartfrom兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。Icarefornothingbesides(apartfrom)this.(多用于否定句)

Apartfrom(Besides)English,heisalsowellversedinRussian.(多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)

[注2]inadditionto有"包括"的意思,如:InadditiontoJohnsbeingblamedforthis,hewasblamedalsoforbreakingthewindow.

加强否定句

句型32［主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他］

1.Hurlinginsultsandthreatsiscertainlynotfighting.2.Itsimplywillnotdo!

3.Wemustnotbecomecomplacentoveranysuccess.

4.Weabsolutelymustnotrelaxourwill.5.Thenatureofwolveswillneverchange.

6.WithouttheCommunistPartyIshouldassuredlynotbewhatIamtoday.

句型33［主语+be+thelast+名词+不定式…/从句］

1.ForitwasOliver,hiscruelbrother-thelastpersonOrlandowouldhaveexpectedtofindthere.

2.Heisthelastpersontodosuchathing.3.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.

4.Breachofpromiseisthelastthingthatheislikelytocommit.

句型34［主语+谓语肯定式+含否定词语的成语+其他］［主语+谓语否定式+含不定词语的成语+其他］

1.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.

2.Youngpeopleshouldonnoaccount(=shouldnotonanyaccount)neglecttheirdailyphysicalexercise.

3.Wehaveideals,butwearebynomeansvisionaries.4.Hewillinnowisegiveupstudy.

[注]其他加强否定的方式：1.[…beanythingbut…](决不是)Heisanythingbutascholar.

2.[(Thereis)no+V-ing](决不可)Thereisnodenyingthefact.=Itisabsolutelyimpermissibletodenythefact.因此语意比下句强，"Itisimpossibletodenythefact."

句型35［主语+否定式谓语+微量词+名词+其他］

1.Wemustneverforamomentdivorceourselvesfromthemasses.

2.Themotherdidnothaveawinkofsleepthewholenightonaccountofthechildshighfever.

3.Hedidnotbreatheasinglewordaboutit.

4.ThoughIhavewalkedtwentymiles,Iamnotabittired.

5.Thelittleboyisdofullofenergythatherefusedtostayputforanylengthoftime.

[注]表示微量词的词组中以intheleast为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：

Iamnotintheleasttired.Iwasnotsurprisedintheleast.Thatboywasnotintheleastafraidofthesnake.

句型36［...否定词+名词+大范围词语...］

1.Therewillbenodifficultyintheworldwhichtheycannotovercome.

2.Thedoctorwaswritingabook,butitwentonsoslowlythatitwouldnotbefinishedwithinathousandyears.

3."Dontyoudance?"-"Imtheworldsworstdancer."

4.Hewasnotatallconfused.5.Itisofnovalueatall.

6.Thisisahistoricaltrendnoforceonearthcanholdback.

[附注1]与汉语中的否定式相对应的英语不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"verynotgood",应换一种说法，"Thisisverybad.","Itisnotgoodatall."汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作"Iamquiteinthedarkaboutthematter."或"AboutthisIknewnothing."汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为"Idislikewineverymuch."或"Iamnotabitinterestedinwine./Idontlikewineatall./Iamthelastpersontolikewine.

其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否定数量的说法，最好译成"beutterlyignorant"或"notknowtheABCof…/knownothingof…又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/allthings,因此只能用缩小量的说法。"Thereisnotasinglethingintheworldwithoutadualnature."

[附注2]一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否定句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：

1)逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否定句。WhereisMary?不能改为whereisntMary?

2)句型要求不能用否定式的。Howhard-workingheis!不能改为howhard-workingheisnt!

3)除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否定句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some(not…any);too(not…either);so(neither,nomore);alongway(not…far);alotof/plentyof/agreatdealof/agooddealof…(not…muchof);as…as(notso…as);alreadystill(notyet/notanymore/nomore/nolonger…)

1.Ihavegotsome.→Ihaventgotany.2.Iseeagreatdealofhim.→Ididntseemuchofhim.

3.Wewentalongway.→Wedidntgofar.4.Iwilldosostill.→Illnotdosoanymore.

4)注意may,must,need,can(could)在肯定句与否定句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交错现象。

A.表示许可用may(口语中常用can);表示禁止通常用mustnot,有时也用maynot语气较委婉。

"May(Can)Ismokehere?"-"Yes,youmay(can)."或"No,youmustnot."或"Youmaynotsmokehere."

B.表示责任、义务或必要时用must,否定式只能用neednot

"Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?"-"Yes,youmust.No,youneednt."

C.表示推测指"可能"时，用must;指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/couldnot,有时也用maynot,口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。Thatmustbeamistake.No,itcannotbeamistake.Itmustnotbeamistake

D.表示推测也常用may，指"可能"；否定式同上。Hemayberight/Hecannotberight.Hemaynotberight.

It既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.）或形式宾语（it+adj.+todosth.），真实地主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。It也用于强调句结构。

如想强调某个词或部分，可用itis(was)+强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that(who)…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it和引词it的各种用法，重点掌握it用于前指或后指；引词it用于强调结构。